Empire Hima-Tutsi, Inyito igamije gukomeza Akaduruvayo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga bigari

Nubwo umutwe w’Iyi nyandiko utari buhite ukwinjiza neza neza mubiwukubiyemo gusa ikigamijwi kuri iyi nyandiko ni ukukwereka ko ibibera muri Aka karere k’ibiyaga bigari bisa n’aho hari abo bitera kunguka mu gihe abandi babihomberamo bityo bigatuma hari abahora bifuza ko aka karere kaguma mu ntambara ndetse bagakoresha nuko bashoboye kugira ngo n’umuturage wo ku rwego rwo hasi abone mugenzi we nk’umwanzi bityo akaduruvayo n’intambara ari byo bibera imbagamizi kuri buri umwe wese waba ushishikajwe n’amahoro arambye mu bantu.

Nkusobanuriye gato cyanu ku gitekerezo cya Empire Hima Tutsi igikubiyemo naho gitandukaniye n’ibyari bikubiye mu nyito za rubanda nyamwinshi rwakandamijwe rugomba kwibohora iryo kandamizwa.

Aha wakwiba icyo ukangurira abantu kumva ko hari igice runaka kigamije kubayobora no kubakandamiza ashingiraho koko kitari ikindi twakwita ikihishe inyuma y’isobanurampamvu.

Intangiriro

Ntangiriye kure, Gusa iyo usomye ugasesengura inyandiko zitandukanye zaba izanditswe n’abahanga, abashakashatsi cyangwa abanyamakuru usanga ahanini iyo bavuga intambara n’ibura ry’amahoro mu Karere k’Ibiyaga bigari ahanini bagaruka ku bihugu nka bine birimo u Rwanda, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Uganda  ndetse n’u Burundi.

Muri ibi bihugu kandi unasanga hari aho bihurira nko ku ndimi zijya gusa, abaturage basa ndetse by’umwihariko wajya ku moko n’imico ugasanga abiri mu moko ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abatuye akarere niyo akunze kugarukwaho nk’uko bigenda bigaragara mu nyandiko zitandukanye.

Mu minsi Ishize Umwanditsi mukuru w’Iki Kinyamakuru yakurikiranye Amasomo yibandaga ahaninini Kuri Jenoside, Ubwicanyi ndengakamere, Ikibitera n’uko byakwirindwa, biza kugaragara ko yaba Jenoside, Ubwicanyi ndengakamere n’Intambara zishingiye ku moko byose bijya kugerwaho biciye mu nzira nyinshi zirimo amayeri agenda akagera ku muturage wo hasi ndetse akamuhindura amusaba kubyitabira bitewe n’icyo uwabiteguye agamije.

Tujya tugira amahirwe yo kuganira n’ingeri zitandukanye z’Abantu, iyo urebye usanga muri aka karere Ikibazo cy’amoko gifite izingingiro rikomeye ku mateka yaranze ibihugu by’Aka karere aho bitigeze bigaragara na rimwe ko katuwe n’abaturage bahuza.

Aha mukudahuza ninaho hagiye haba ubwicanyi ndengakamere hakiyongeraho na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda akaba ari nayo yonyine yemejwe na Loni n’ubwo hari n’abongeraho Jenoside yakorewe Abanyamulenge muri Congo, abarundi nabo bakibuka iyakorewe Abahutu mu myaka yo hambere, ariko abahanga bemeza ko ziriya Jenoside zindi zivugwa ahanini iyo ukurikiranye ibyabaye usanga zititwa Jenoside kuko Jenoside igira ibice inyuramo mu Itegurwa ryayo n’Ishyirwa-mu bikorwa bryayo

Tugaruke ku ntandaro y’ibura ry’Amahoro no kwiziringa mu macakubiri

Mu kwandika ku ntandaro y’Ibura ry’Amahoro mu Karere by’umwihariko kuri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Umuhanga, umwalimu akaba n’Umushakashatsi ku mahoro, Felix Ndahinda yagaragaje mu nyandiko ye yiswe “ Collective Victimization and Subjectivity in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Why Do Lasting Peace and Justice Remain Elusive?” igasohoka muri International Journal on Minority and Group rights 23 (2016), agaragaza ukuntu amazina yagiye ahabwa Icyo gihugu yose yerekana neza ko nta na rimwe cyagize amahoro nk’uko bigaragara mu buryo akurikirana.

Ubusanzwe iyo uvuze amahoro mu karere ahanini abantu bahita bumva Uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.

Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yabanje kwitwa Congo Free State (Congo Yigenga 1885–1908), Belgian Congo (Congo Mbiligi 1908–1960); Republic of Congo (Repubulika ya Congo 1960–1964), Democratic Republic of Congo (Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo 1964–1971), Republic of Zaire ( Repubulika ya Zaire 1971–1997) nyuma yongera kwisubiza Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo Dufite ubu.

Mu by’ukuri iyi nyandiko ya Ndahinda itangira ikwereka ko no mu mazina Iki gihugu ubwacyo cyagiye gihabwa byaterwaga ahanini ko kuva benecyo batangira guharanira kukigira igihugu bifuza nta na rimwe babigezeho kuko bagiye bakita amazina bitewe n’icyo barwanira.

Icyo nashakaga gushyikira aha nuko ibura ry’amahoro  mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari Atari irya none kuko ryahozeho kuva kera abafite Imyaka yigiye Imbere ntawutazi Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994, intangiriro, Impamvu ndetse izi saha hakaba hagikomeza gushakishwa uburyo uretse no mu Rwanda ndetse no mu karere ibintu bisa n’ibyabaye mu Rwanda bitazasubira ukundi.

Aha rero ninaho usanga ibibazo byose by’intambara mu karere usanga bikunze kwizingira ku moko ariko noneho muri Iki gihe ugasanga bisa n’ibiba mu isura yindi kuko usanga ahanini byitwa intambara zigamije kubohora ababoshywe, Demokarasi, Intambara zigamije ibi n’ibi ariko nyamara wanagenzura neza ugasanga hari n’izidafite Ishingiro.

Aka Congo rero yiswe amazina atandukanye nababaga bayibohoye biranashoboka ko tuzumva n’izi ntambara zizajya zirangira bimwe mu bihugu bihinduye amazina burundu bitewe n’ibyifuzo by’abazirwana.

Havugwa Akarere k’Ibiyaga bigara hakumvikana vuba RDC

Iyo Usesenguye kandi usanga ayo mahoro yabuze kuva mu myaka ya nyuma ya 1994 afite izingiro muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo by’Umwihariko mu gice cy’Uburasirazuba bw’Icyo gihugu kuva kera na kare cyakunze kuba isibaniro ry’Intambara uboshye Ikibuga kitorezwamo na buri mutwe cyangwa igihugu gishaka guhungabanya Umutekano wa Kigenzi cyacyo.

Ni kenshi twagiye twumva Imyanzuro itandukanye yaba iy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Iya Leta zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Iy’Afurika yunze Ubumwe ndetse n’Iy’Akarere by’Umwihariko yose yakunze guhuriza ku mugambi umwe wo kugarura amahoro arambye mu Karere k’Ibiyaga bigari.

Ibi byakunze kuvugwa Iteka iyo muri Congo habaga hubuye imirwano.

Mu ijambo risoza Umwaka wa 2018, Perezida Paul Kagame w’u Rwanda akaba n’Umuyobozi w’Afurika Yunze Ubumwe nubwo ateruye ngo avuge mu mazina  bimwe mu bihugu bibangamiye Umutekano w’Akarere, gusa icyagaragaye n’uko nk’inararibonye ku bibazo by’aka karere azi neza ko hagikenewe byinshi byo gukorwa mu rwego rwo kugera ku mahoro arambye ndetse kandi bisa n’aho aka karere kazasubira mu ntambara z’urudaca igihe ibibazo bihari byarenzwa ingohi ntibikemurwe.

Bimwe mu bibazo bikirangwa muri aka karere harimo ibibazo by’impunzi zakuwe mubyazo n’intambara by’umwihariko Impunzi z’Abanye-Congo bavuga ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda, Ibibazo bya Politiki birangwa ahanini no kumaranira Ubutegetsi mu bihugu by’Akarere, Politiki za Mpatse Ibihugu zigamije gukurura zigwizaho, Impunzi ziri mu bihugu bitandukanye by’Akarere usanga zicumbikiwe muri ibyo bihugu ndetse iki kibazo cyo kikaba imwe mu mpamvu iteye inkeke aho wakwibaza ikizakurikira ku benegihugu baba hanze igihe bakwifuza gusubira mu byabo ku bubi na bwiza.

Aha rero niho hazakomeza kuva Ikibazo gikomeye kandi gikeneye gusubizwa.

Zimwe mu mpunzi zakunze kuvugwa harimo iz’Abarundi ziherereye mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Tanzania n’u Rwanda, iz’Abanyarwanda zinangiye gutahuka, iz’Abanyekongo ziba mu Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi n’ahandi…

Kuri iki kibazo hazakomeza kwiyongeraho ikindi gikomeye nyamukuru cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro iri muri aka karere aho imwe muri yo iherutse kugarukwaho muri raporo ya Loni igaragazamo nk’umutwe wa RNC na FDLR bitavuga rumwe na Leta y’u Rwanda, ADF irwanya Leta ya Uganda, n’indi mitwe irwanya u Burundi n’irwanya Congo ubwayo.

Gusa Ikibabaje n’uko aho kugira ngo ibihugu by’Akarere bishyire hamwe mukurandura iyo mitwe no gushishikazwa n’amahoro arambye usanga ahubwo buri kimwe gihita gihindukiza Umunwa w’Imbunda ku kindi bityo ukibaza uko ayo mahoro azagerwaho hatabayeho ubufatanye bwagiye bwemezwa igihe kirekire.

Zimwe mu nama zifatika zafasha mu gushakira amahoro aka karere harimo kongera gusubira ku isoko y’impamvu nyamukuru ituma aka karere kaba isibaniro ryo kubura amahoro arambye, kuri iyo soko hakazashakirwa impamvu zirimo izijyanye n’ubukungu, amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko politiki,n’ ubukene.

Inyito ku bwami bw’Abatutsi n’abahima nta shingiro Ifite.

 Nakunze gusoma nganira na benshi ariko ku bw’amahirwe naganiriye n’inararibonye mu kiganiro kigufi inyibira Ibanga ko abavuga ko bashaka amahoro y’Akarere atariko bose bakifuriza kuyagira koko.

Uretse no kuba aka karere gakize ku bintu bitandukanye birimo imico, ubukerarugendo n’amabuye y’Agaciro, hari benshi bifuza gukomeza kukabona mu kaduruvayo kadashira kuko byagaragaye ko gashyize hamwe kazarangira gahindutse izingiro ry’Ubukungu bw’Afurika.

Hejuru y’ibyo hakoreshwa amayeri atandukanye mu guhuma amaso rubanda aho usanga aka karere karamaze gushyirwa mu gatebo k’amoko ahora ashyamiranye noneho byagera ku biyaga bigari bati aka karere kayobowe n’imbaraga zishaka gushyiraho “Empire Hima-Tutsi” by’umwihariko kubasesengura uhita wumva neza ya turufu y’amoko yazahaje akarere n’abagatuye nk’uko nabigarautseho ruguru.

Uwo muhanga avuga ko Iyi turufu ikwirakwizwa ahanini n’abigira inarararibonye ku bibazo by’akarere ariko ahanini bagamije kwereka bamwe ububi bw’abandi bityo bagasaba guhagurukira rimwe ngo barwanye umwanzi.

Aha rero niho uhita usanga buri gihugu gitunga agatoki umwanzi wacyo ndetse kigasakuma kibasira uwo cyumva wese afitanye isano n’uwo kise umwanzi.

Urugero uzumva amakuru iteka agaruka ku ifungwa n’itabwa muri yombi ry’abaturage by’umwihariko ariko hakunze kwibasirwa abakomoka mu Rwanda cyangwa abatwererwa kwitwa abanyarwanda.

Ikindi nuko ushaka gukurura amoko wese ahisha agasunikira abanyarwanda ahari wenda nuko ari bo bahuye n’akaga k’aho ayo moko y’abagejeje kuri Jenoside bityo bikaba aribyo bitiza umurindi mu iyumvikanisha neza ko abatuye akarere bibasiwe n’abashaka gushyiraho bwa bwami navuze haruguru.

Umuhanga twaganiriye yongeye ampishurira ko iyo usesenguye usanga abazanye iriya nyito bafite aho baba bashaka gushyira ku ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse no guhimba impamvu ziganisha kuri Double Jenoside ubwo byumvikanisha neza ko ari Jenoside yakorewe Abahutu nk’uko nabisobanuye ruguru mu moko avugwa cyane mu Karere ni Hutu na Tutsi ifatanye na Hima.

Aha niho duhita tugaruka ku baturage b’Abanye-Congo bo mu bwoko bw’Abanyamulenge batigeze na rimwe bemerwa nk’abaturage b’icyo gihugu ahubwo bahabwa u Rwanda hemezwa ko ariyo nkomoko yabo dore ko bahuje n’ururimi yewe n’ubwoko.

Gusa ntawatinya kuvuga ko hari abaryanisha akarere batazwi mu matwi ya rubanda rugufi iteka barema baba bafite icyo bashaka twe tutumva cyangwa tubonere hafi ku buryo iteka bazakomeza kubangamira icyatuma hagerwaho ubumwe burambye bw’Abatuye akarere n’abanyafurika muri rusange.

Aha nanone ni wa muco usangiwe n’ibi bihugu usanga hari abatawushaka kuko wavamo guhuza kandi abahuje Imbaraga birazwi mu Kinyarwanda ko Imana ibasanga.

Abasesengura bagaraza ko aka kaduruvayo gatizwa umurindi n’ibihugu by’ibwotamasimbi biciye mubenegihugu ku buryo bisa n’aho batabigaragaramo ariko birazwi keretse uwaba adasoma ngo akurikirane niwe wabyirengagiza ariko igihe kiba kizagera akabimenya

Nyamara uko byagiye bigaragara hasanzwe ko bene ibyo bitekerezo bishaka gutanya abantu biba bifite ababyihishe inyuma intego nyamukuru yabo ari ugukomeza kuryanisha abatuye aka karere bagizwe n’amoko atandukanye ari nayo usanga uko havutse Intambara bikomeza bikagenda ugasanga intambara iritirirwa ubwoko runaka.

Gusa Ikibazo cy’amoko cyo bigaragara ko cyinjiye mu mitwe y’abaturage benshi batuye aka karere ari naho bigera ugasanga abaturage barabigenderamo bibasirwa n’ibitero byagabwe n’abaturanyi babo ndetse bikongera bigahita bivamo Ikibazo cy’Urujya n’uruza rw’impunzi ziteshwa ibyazo zikajya kubaho mu buzima bubi kuwaba yarabaye mu nkambi y’impunzi yakumva neza Icyo nshatse kuvuga.

Ugendeye ku mateka y’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari by’umwihariko ay’u Rwanda yerekana neza igisasu gishobora kuzaturikana aka karere mu gihe hajya hakomeza kuvugwa amahoro agarukira mu mpapuro.

Kera higeze kumvikana amajwi y’Abanye-congo basaba gutaha iwabo ku bubi na bwiza gusa nubwo iki kibazo kitakivugwa nkuko cyavuzwe kera n’ubundi nticyakemutse kuko izo mpunzi ziracyaba mu nkambi zirabyara kandi ubyawe nkeka ko abwirwa ko iwabo ari hakurya bityo mu mikurire agakura yumva ko isaha n’isaha azasubira iwabo.

Ibi kandi bisa n’iby’u Burundi aho busigaye bubanye n’igishyika giterwa n’impunzi z’abarundi zicumbikiwe hanze yabwo.

Uretse kuba u Rwanda rwaragerageje gushikariza abenegihugu barwo gutaha ku bushake ndetse hanirindwa ko bene ibyo bibazo byarubaho ukundi gusa narwo ntirutimaje kuko ahari abahora bagamije kurwanjama nk’uko bigenda bigaragara mu nyandiko za buri munsi.

Amateka y’Afurika agaragaza neza ko byinshi mu bihugu biyobowe n’abayobozi bahoze ari impunzi zameneshejwe zikaba hanze igihe kirekire nyuma bikaba ngombwa ko zisubirayo hakoreshejwe imbunda.

Tugarutse Mu Burundi, mu minsi ishize havumbutse Ikibazo gishingiye ku moko bituma ibihumbi n’ibihumbi byerekeza mu bihugu by’abaturanyi ndetse u Burundi bugakomeza kubyikoma bivuga ko bicumbikiye abanzi babwo.

 Aha ntawahisha ko Iki gihugu cyakunze gushyira mu majwi u Rwanda na Tanzania ndetse mu gukora ibisa no kwihimura nacyo gihitamo kwerura ku mugaragaro imkoranire n’imitwe yitwaza intwaro igamije gutera u Rwanda ndetse iyi mitwe yakunze gushotora u Rwanda nk’uko byagiye bigaragazwa na raporo z’umutekano  hagamijwe kurushora mu ntambara ngo irebe ko rwayijyamo bityo bibe imbarutso y’imirwano ishobora gufata indi ntera nk’uko byigeze kugenda mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo igihe cya za M23, FDLR, ADF NALU n’indi yakuruye amahanga mu ntambara ku manywa y’Ihangu. .

Ikindi gitangaje Uganda nayo yatunganye agatoki n’u Rwanda kuguhishira abagamije guhungabanya umutekano w’Ibihugu byombi ndetse icyo gihugu nacyo hashize igihe hasohoka raporo zitandukanye ko cyabaye aho abagamije gutera u Rwanda bakorera inama ndetse mu minsi iheruka Ikinyamakuru IGIHE gikorera mu Rwanda cyatangaje Inkuru gikesha Ikitwa Virunga Post ko hari ubutumwa Perezida Museveni yahaye abayobozi ba FDLR na RNC bigamije gutera u Rwanda.

Aha umuntu yakwibaza ati “Ese ko bwa bwami twavugaga haruguru bwatwererewe Museveni na Kagame babuyobora bate batumvikana?”. Iki kibazo n’icyo gikwiye kubera inyurabwenge uwirengagiza ko mu karere k’Ibiyaga bigari hari ikibazo koko kigomba gushakirwa mu mizi ndetse kikanakemurwa kw’Ikubitiro n’ubumwe bw’Abagatuye.

Ikindi kandi n’Ubwo haba hari ibibazo by’amoko hakwiye no kongera gushakirwa umuti igitera abantu kwiziringa no gukoresha amaturufu y’amoko mukubangamira ituze ry’abatuye akarere, uwo muti nawo ukanywebwa kuko nawo ari ingenzi.

Urugero rwiza rwafatirwa ku Rwanda aho umuti wo kurandura amacakubiro ukomeza kugenda unyobwa muri buri cyiciro kandi iteka hahora Icyizere ko Iki gihugu kizahinduka ukundi aho umuturage atakibona mu moko ahubwo ahora ashishikajwe no kugera ku Iterambere ry’umuryango we n’Igihugu

Ikindi cy’ingenzi nuko humvikana ko iyo buri gihugu gifite urwikekwe ku kindi ari naho umwanzi yinjirira mu cyuho akaba yagirira nabi kimwe mu bihugu dore nk’uko biba binasobanutse neza buri kimwe mu bihugu by’Akarere gifite agasaraba kikoreye nyamara habaye ubufatanye bene utwo dusaraba baduturana ahubwo hakabaho guhuriza umugozi umwe bagamije gukomeza gushakira umuturage icyamuteza imbere akabaho mu buzima buzira umuze dore ko Iyamushyize ku isi itigeze imuraga kubaho mu ntambara.

Iyo ufashe urugero ku Rwanda ukareba uko imibereho ya muntu igenda izamuka iba myiza usanga haramutse habayeho  gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano muke muri aka karere nta muturage wabaho nta cyizere cyo kuramuka afite nk’uko bamwe bameze ubu ndetse hakaba hanakwiyongeraho imibanire myiza mu baturage b’ibihugu by’Akarere akaba ari naho haba inking mwamba ya rya soko rusange ry’Abanyafurika twese twifuza.

Ntekereza ko hatabaho isoko rimwe ry’Afurika mu gihe umuturanyi wawe ataguhaye inzira ngo wambuke ujye guhahira kuri hirya ye, ndetse si nibyo gusa ibi ntibyashoboka mu gihe uwo uhahira atifuza kubona ubayeho neza.

Twasoza Iki gitekerezo dusaba buri wese wumva ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda ko yaharanira kuba isoko y’Amahoro kuri mugenzi we ndetse nyuma yo kuba isoko y’amahoro hagati ya mugenzi wawe nawe mugafatanya mukabera Isoko y’Amahoro mugenzi wanyu ukirwana no kuyabona.

Wakwandika Igitekerezo cyawe kuri iyi nyandiko cyangwa ukacyoherereza umwanditsi mukuru w’Agateganyo wa TOPAFRICANEWS kuri E-mail: vickange@gmail.com

Mugire Amahoro