EAC urges for public education on monkeypox to limit spread.

On 17^th June 2022, East African Community (EAC) Partner States have been urged to provide necessary information for their citizens to protect themselves and prevent monkeypox from spreading.

This follows reports by the World Health Organization (WHO) of 780 laboratory confirmed cases of monkeypox as of 2^nd June, 2022.

The cases have been reported to or identified by WHO from 27 Member States across four WHO regions that are not endemic for monkeypox virus, while Monkeypox is endemic in some African countries.

According to the WHO, 1392 suspected cases of monkeypox have been reported this year until mid of May in seven African countries. Out of these, 44 cases are confirmed. This is in the 4.5 months slightly less than half the number of cases reported for the whole of last year.

According to WHO, the sudden appearance of monkeypox in multiple countries across the World indicates the virus has been spreading undetected for some time outside the West and Central African nations where it is usually found.

“Because of the proximity of the EAC Partner States to some of the affected countries, it is important that we take precautionary measures to minimise its spread. It is important that people are given necessary information on the nature of the disease and how they can protect themselves and prevent the disease from spreading,” said Hon. Christophe Bazivamo, the EAC Deputy Secretary General in charge of the Productive and Social Sectors.

“This will also help in avoiding unnecessary panic and stigmatization particularly now that people easily associate any disease outbreak to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic,” added Hon. Bazivamo.

The DSG further emphasised on the importance of factual risk communication to communities, that provides necessary information without causing unnecessary concern, and need for stepping up surveillance.

Monkeypox outbreaks are not new. The virus was first discovered in monkeys in 1958, with the first human case in the African region detected in 1970. Since then, there have been multiple outbreaks of the viral disease that can spread from animals to humans but can also spread between people.

Transmission is possible through close contact with an infected person, or objects including clothes and bedsheets as well as droplets. Symptoms typically include skin rash or lesions, fever, intense headache, muscle aches, back pain, general body weakness and swollen lymph nodes and last from two to four weeks.

In many patients, the symptoms are moderate and clear up on their own but severe cases and even death can occur. WHO states the case fatality ratio, or the percent of people dying compared to those diagnosed, to be around 3-6 percent.

In comparison to COVID-19, which is a highly contagious disease, transmission of monkeypox is more difficult. WHO assesses the current risk posed by monkeypox to human health and for the general public as low.

To reduce the risk of contracting the virus, people should:

• Avoid coming into contact with people recently diagnosed with the virus or those who may have been infected.

• Wear a face mask when in close contact with someone who has symptoms.

• Use personal protective equipment when caring for patients with confirmed or suspected monkeypox infection.

• Wash hands with soap and water or use alcohol-based sanitizers, especially after coming into contact with infected or infection-suspected animals or humans.

• Regularly wash clothing and bedsheets at high temperature

• Only eat meat that has been cooked thoroughly.

• Avoid coming into contact with sick animals that could be carrying the virus, such as rodents or non-human primates and refrain from eating or handling so-called bush meat.

A person who suspects to have contracted monkeypox should self-isolate him or herself from physical contact with others and seek medical advice immediately.

The virus causing monkeypox belongs to the same group as the smallpox virus, however, it is a much milder and less deadly form of it.

Vaccination against smallpox has been shown to be protective against monkeypox and a new vaccine against smallpox and monkeypox has been approved but is not yet widely available.