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U Rwanda mu nama mpuzamahanga COP31: Niki Umuturage wo hasi akwiye gusobanukirwa?
Kuri ubu, abayobozi baturutse mu bihugu hafi ya byose byo ku isi bateraniye i Antalya muri Turukiya, mu nama ya COP31, inama ya 31 y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye igamije kuganira ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere. Iyi nama yatangiye ku wa 9 Ugushyingo ikazasozwa ku wa 20 Ugushyingo 2026. U Rwanda na rwo rwayitabiriye, rukaba ruhagarariwe n’intumwa ziyobowe na Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr. Justin Nsengiyumva, uhagarariye Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame.
Iyi nama igamije iki?
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni impinduka zikomeye zigaragara mu bihe by’ikirere, zirimo imvura igwa itinze cyangwa ikagwa ari nyinshi, igihe cy’izuba kikamara igihe kirekire, imyuzure igatwara ubutaka n’imyaka, ndetse n’ubushyuhe bukabije bukangiza ibihingwa n’amatungo.
Izi mpinduka zimaze kugira ingaruka ku bahinzi bo mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu bya Afurika.
Inama za COP ni urubuga ibihugu bihuriraho kugira ngo biganire ku ngamba zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ituma ubushyuhe bw’isi bwiyongera, no gufasha abaturage kumenyera impinduka z’ikirere zimaze kubaho.
Ibihugu bikize, byagiye bisohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku rugero runini mu gihe kirekire, birasabwa gufasha ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kubona amafaranga n’ikoranabuhanga bikenewe mu kurengera abaturage, umutungo kamere n’ubukungu bwabyo.
Kuki u Rwanda rwitabira iyi nama rufite uruhare rugaragara?
U Rwanda rukoresha uru rubuga mpuzamahanga kugira ngo rushimangire ibyifuzo by’ingenzi bitatu.
Icya mbere: kubona inkunga ihagije kandi igera ku bayikeneye.
U Rwanda rusaba ko hashyirwaho gahunda isobanutse ituma amafaranga ibihugu byiyemeje gutanga mu bikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere agera ku bihugu n’abaturage bayakeneye.
Mu byo ibihugu byiyemeje harimo gutanga nibura miliyari 300 z’amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka, kugeza mu 2035, yo gufasha ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere. Iyo nkunga ikwiye gushyirwa cyane mu bikorwa bifasha abaturage guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ibi ni ingenzi ku Rwanda kuko igice kinini cy’ibikorwa biteganyijwe muri gahunda yarwo yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere gishingiye ku nkunga ituruka mu mahanga.
Icya kabiri: gushyira imbere guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
U Rwanda rushaka ko hashyirwaho amabwiriza n’inkunga bifasha ibihugu kurinda imirima, amasoko y’amazi, imiturire n’ibindi bikorwa remezo byangizwa n’imyuzure, amapfa n’inkangu.
Rurasaba kandi ko abaturage n’ibihugu byafashwa mu gihe byamaze guhura n’ibyangijwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Icya gatatu: gushora imari mu bikorwa bibungabunga ibidukikije no guteza imbere ubukungu.
U Rwanda ruragaragaza ko ari igihugu gishobora kwakira ishoramari mu mishinga y’ingufu zisubira, ubuhinzi bwita ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere, amashyiga n’ibikoresho bitangiza ibidukikije, kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’inganda zikora mu buryo burengera ibidukikije.
Intego ni uko kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bitaba gusa ukurengera ibidukikije, ahubwo binagira uruhare mu guteza imbere ubukungu, guhanga imirimo no kongera amahirwe y’abaturage.
Gahunda nshya y’u Rwanda yo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, izwi nka NDC 3.0, igaragaza ko hakenewe hafi miliyari 12 z’amadolari ya Amerika kugeza mu 2035. Hafi 80% by’ayo mafaranga biteganyijwe ko azaturuka ku nkunga mpuzamahanga.
Igice kinini cy’ayo mafaranga kizakoreshwa mu bikorwa bifasha abaturage guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no kurengera imibereho yabo.
Ibi bivuze iki ku baturage bo mu byaro n’abahinzi?
Abanyarwanda benshi batuye mu byaro kandi imibereho yabo ishingiye ku buhinzi n’ubworozi. Ni yo mpamvu imihindagurikire y’ikirere ibangamira cyane umusaruro w’imyaka, amazi n’andi masoko y’imibereho.
Dore uko uruhare rw’u Rwanda muri iyi nama rushobora kugira aho ruhurira n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw’abaturage bo mu byaro.
Ubuhinzi bujyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere
U Rwanda rurimo guteza imbere uburyo bw’ubuhinzi burinda ubutaka, bukoresha neza amazi kandi bufasha imyaka guhangana n’ikirere kitari cyiza.
Muri ubwo buryo harimo guca amaterasi ku misozi, guhuza ubuhinzi no gutera ibiti, gukoresha imbuto z’indobanure zishobora kwihanganira amapfa cyangwa imvura nyinshi, kuhira imyaka hakoreshejwe ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba no kugabanya umusaruro wangirika nyuma yo gusarura.
Muri iyi nama, u Rwanda rwagaragaje amahirwe y’ishoramari mu mishinga ishobora gufasha abahinzi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, ndetse no kongera ubushobozi bw’ubutaka bunini bwo gutanga umusaruro no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Imishinga nka Green Gicumbi yamaze kugaragaza akamaro ko gusana no kubungabunga ibidukikije, kurwanya isuri no kongera umutekano w’ibiribwa ku baturage bo mu duce ikoreramo.
Kurinda ubutaka n’amazi
Gusana ibishanga, amashyamba n’imisozi yangiritse bifasha kugabanya imyuzure, gutuma amazi aguma mu butaka igihe kirekire no kurwanya isuri.
Ibi bikorwa bishingiye ku kubungabunga no gukoresha neza umutungo kamere birengera ibidukikije, ariko kandi bikarinda imirima n’imibereho y’abaturage bayishingiyeho.
Ingufu zisukuye n’uburyo bwiza bwo guteka
Kwagura ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba n’izindi ngufu zisukuye, hamwe no guteza imbere amashyiga n’ibikoresho byo guteka bitangiza ibidukikije, bifasha kugabanya gutema ibiti byo gucana inkwi.
Ibi bishobora no kugabanya amafaranga ingo zikoresha mu kubona ingufu, ndetse bikarushaho kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage.
Ubwishingizi n’ubufasha mu gihe ibiza byangije imyaka cyangwa amatungo
U Rwanda rukomeje kwagura gahunda z’ubwishingizi bw’imyaka n’amatungo.
Inkunga mpuzamahanga yiyongereye ishobora gufasha izi gahunda kugera ku bahinzi n’aborozi benshi kurushaho, ku buryo igihe habaye amapfa, imvura nyinshi cyangwa ibindi bibazo byangiza imyaka n’amatungo, umuryango utahita utakaza burundu amafaranga wari witeze kubona.
Imirimo n’amasoko mashya
Ishoramari mu bikorwa bibungabunga ibidukikije n’uburyo bugezweho bw’ubuhinzi bishobora gufungura amasoko mashya, guhanga imirimo mu buhinzi n’ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka ku buhinzi, ndetse no gukomeza ubukungu bw’imiryango yo mu byaro.
U Rwanda kandi rurashishikariza ibihugu byose kwemeza no gushyira mu bikorwa byihuse Ivugururwa rya Kigali (Kigali Amendment), ryemeranyijweho i Kigali. Iri vugururwa rigamije kugabanya buhoro buhoro ikoreshwa ry’imyuka n’imiti imwe n’imwe ikoreshwa mu bikoresho bikonjesha, nka firigo n’ibyuma bikonjesha ibyumba, ariko ikaba igira uruhare mu kongera ubushyuhe bw’isi.
Iri vugururwa rifite akamaro ku isi yose, ndetse no mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu gukonjesha no kubika ibintu mu buryo butangiza ikirere.
Ni iki abaturage bo mu byaro bakwiye kuzirikana?
Inama mpuzamahanga nk’iyi ntizihita zihindura ubuzima bw’umuturage mu cyaro bukeye bwaho. Ibyemezo bifatirwa muri izi nama n’amafaranga yemeranyijweho bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo bihindurwe imishinga igera ku baturage.
Ariko iyo u Rwanda rugaragaje neza ibibazo n’ibyifuzo byarwo muri COP, birushaho kongera amahirwe yo kubona inkunga n’abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gushyigikira gahunda zifitiye abaturage akamaro.
Muri izo gahunda harimo guca amaterasi, kuhira imyaka, kubona imbuto z’indobanure zihanganira imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kubungabunga ubutaka, gutera ibiti no kugeza ingufu zisukuye ku baturage.
Ubutumwa bw’u Rwanda ni uko ibikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bigomba kuzana impinduka zigaragara mu buzima bw’abaturage: umusaruro wizewe, ubutaka n’imiturire birinzwe, amafaranga ava mu bikorwa byabo yiyongereye, ndetse n’iterambere ritangiza ibidukikije.
Abaturage bo mu byaro ni bo bari ku isonga muri iki kibazo. Ni bo bahinga imirima ihura n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ni na bo bagomba kugira uruhare mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo, birimo ubuhinzi burambye, kurinda imisozi n’ibishanga, gukoresha ingufu zisukuye no gucunga neza amazi.
Kwitabira kwa u Rwanda inama ya COP31 ni imwe mu nzira igihugu gikoresha kugira ngo hashakwe inkunga, ikoranabuhanga n’abafatanyabikorwa bazafasha kugeza ibisubizo ku baturage, cyane cyane abahinzi n’aborozi bo mu byaro.
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