RBC Stresses Need for Better Oral Hygiene in Rwanda

Irene BAGAHIRWA, Director of the Injuries and Disabilities Unit at the Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC), has underscored the urgent need for proper oral hygiene, warning that poor dental care remains a leading cause of serious health complications. She delivered this message during World Oral Health Day celebrations in Kigali on March 20, 2025, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures such as regular dental check-ups.

BAGAHIRWA cited a 2022 study revealing that 33.1% of Rwandans aged 18 and above do not brush their teeth regularly—with rural at 38% and urban at 11.2%.

She stressed the need for at least twice-daily brushing, particularly in the morning and before bedtime, since bacteria responsible for tooth decay are most active at night. However, she noted that the issue is not just about frequency but also proper brushing techniques.

Despite the availability of dental care at various health facilities, 57.1% of the Rwandan population do not visit the dentist at least once a year as recommended—57.4% in rural areas and 55.7% in urban areas.

“Many wait until the condition worsens, leading to tooth extractions that could have been avoided with early intervention,” BAGAHIRWA explained. She highlighted that gum disease, tooth decay, and oral cancers are the most common issues, with oral diseases ranking among the top 20 conditions requiring hospital visits in 2024.

Beyond physical health, poor oral hygiene affects mental well-being and social interactions. “No one should feel self-conscious about their smile or worry about bad breath when speaking,” she added.

BAGAHIRWA urged Rwandans to take advantage of available dental services, which range from health centers to specialized hospitals.

Dr. Achille BIZIMANA, Head of Rwanda’s Dental Surgeons Organization, reinforced the link between oral health and systemic diseases. He explained that bacteria from dental cavities can enter the bloodstream and cause infective endocarditis, a serious heart condition. Additionally, oral diseases can worsen diabetes, just as diabetes negatively impacts oral health.

Pregnant women and unborn children are also vulnerable. Dr. BIZIMANA noted that periodontitis, a severe gum infection, has been linked to premature births and stillbirths. He emphasized that oral diseases are largely preventable through simple habits such as twice-daily brushing, limiting sugary foods, and visiting the dentist at least twice a year.

He warned that late-stage oral disease treatment is complex and recovery is prolonged. Routine check-ups can detect early signs of serious conditions, including oral cancer, which has been reported in Rwanda, often linked to smoking and nicotine use.

A 2018 study found that about 67% of Rwandans suffer from dental cavities, aligning with global data showing that 3.5 billion people are affected by oral diseases. Children, in particular, require proper dental care to prevent premature loss of baby teeth, which can lead to misaligned permanent teeth, affecting speech, eating, self-esteem, and academic performance.

Dr. BIZIMANA also addressed common misconceptions about oral hygiene. “Brushing is not just about placing a toothbrush in your mouth; proper technique and timing matter. Toothbrushes should be replaced every three months, yet some people use them for years. Improper storage can also lead to bacterial growth, turning a toothbrush into a health hazard.”

He concluded by reiterating that prevention is the best approach to oral health. “Brushing, flossing, regular check-ups, and a healthy diet are simple yet effective ways to maintain good oral hygiene. A small effort today can prevent significant health issues in the future.”